# Tameness theorem

Tameness theorem   (Redirected from Tameness conjecture) Jump to navigation Jump to search In mathematics, the tameness theorem states that every complete hyperbolic 3-manifold with finitely generated fundamental group is topologically tame, in other words homeomorphic to the interior of a compact 3-manifold.

The tameness theorem was conjectured by Marden (1974). It was proved by Agol (2004) and, independently, by Danny Calegari and David Gabai. It is one of the fundamental properties of geometrically infinite hyperbolic 3-manifolds, together with the density theorem for Kleinian groups and the ending lamination theorem. It also implies the Ahlfors measure conjecture.

History Topological tameness may be viewed as a property of the ends of the manifold, namely, having a local product structure. An analogous statement is well known in two dimensions, that is, for surfaces. However, as the example of Alexander horned sphere shows, there are wild embeddings among 3-manifolds, so this property is not automatic.

The conjecture was raised in the form of a question by Albert Marden, who proved that any geometrically finite hyperbolic 3-manifold is topologically tame. The conjecture was also called the Marden conjecture or the tame ends conjecture.

There had been steady progress in understanding tameness before the conjecture was resolved. Partial results had been obtained by Thurston, Brock, Bromberg, Canary, Evans, Minsky, Ohshika.[citation needed] An important sufficient condition for tameness in terms of splittings of the fundamental group had been obtained by Bonahon.[citation needed] The conjecture was proved in 2004 by Ian Agol, and independently, by Danny Calegari and David Gabai. Agol's proof relies on the use of manifolds of pinched negative curvature and on Canary's trick of "diskbusting" that allows to replace a compressible end with an incompressible end, for which the conjecture has already been proved. The Calegari–Gabai proof is centered on the existence of certain closed, non-positively curved surfaces that they call "shrinkwrapped".

See also Tame manifold References Agol, Ian (2004), Tameness of hyperbolic 3-manifolds, arXiv:math.GT/0405568. Calegari, Danny; Gabai, David (2006), "Shrinkwrapping and the taming of hyperbolic 3-manifolds", Journal of the American Mathematical Society, 19 (2): 385–446, arXiv:math/0407161, doi:10.1090/S0894-0347-05-00513-8, MR 2188131. Gabai, David (2009), "Hyperbolic geometry and 3-manifold topology", in Mrowka, Tomasz S.; Ozsváth, Peter S. (eds.), Low Dimensional Topology, IAS/Park City Math. Ser., vol. 15, Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, pp. 73–103, MR 2503493 Mackenzie, Dana (2004), "Taming the hyperbolic jungle by pruning its unruly edges", Science, 306 (5705): 2182–2183, doi:10.1126/science.306.5705.2182, PMID 15618501. Marden, Albert (1974), "The geometry of finitely generated kleinian groups", Annals of Mathematics, Second Series, 99: 383–462, doi:10.2307/1971059, ISSN 0003-486X, JSTOR 1971059, MR 0349992, Zbl 0282.30014 Marden, Albert (2007), Outer Circles: An introduction to hyperbolic 3-manifolds, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-83974-7, MR 2355387. hide vte Manifolds (Glossary) Basic concepts Topological manifold AtlasDifferentiable/Smooth manifold Differential structureSmooth atlasSubmanifoldRiemannian manifoldSmooth mapSubmersionPushforwardTangent spaceDifferential formVector field Main results (list) Atiyah–Singer indexDarboux'sDe Rham'sFrobeniusGeneralized StokesHopf–RinowNoether'sSard'sWhitney embedding Maps CurveDiffeomorphism LocalGeodesicExponential map in Lie theoryFoliationImmersionIntegral curveLie derivativeSectionSubmersion Types of manifolds Closed(Almost) Complex(Almost) ContactFiberedFinslerFlatG-structureHadamardHermitianHyperbolicKählerKenmotsuLie group Lie algebraManifold with boundaryOrientedParallelizablePoissonPrimeQuaternionicHypercomplex(Pseudo−, Sub−) RiemannianRizza(Almost) SymplecticTame Tensors Vectors DistributionLie bracketPushforwardTangent space bundleTorsionVector fieldVector flow Covectors Closed/ExactCovariant derivativeCotangent space bundleDe Rham cohomologyDifferential form Vector-valuedExterior derivativeInterior productPullbackRicci curvature flowRiemann curvature tensorTensor field densityVolume formWedge product Bundles AdjointAffineAssociatedCotangentDualFiber(Co) FibrationJetLie algebra(Stable) NormalPrincipalSpinorSubbundleTangentTensorVector Connections AffineCartanEhresmannFormGeneralizedKoszulLevi-CivitaPrincipalVectorParallel transport Related Classification of manifoldsGauge theoryHistoryMorse theoryMoving frameSingularity theory Generalizations Banach manifoldDiffeologyDiffietyFréchet manifoldK-theoryOrbifoldSecondary calculus over commutative algebrasSheafStratifoldSupermanifoldTopologically stratified space Categories: 3-manifoldsConjectures that have been provedDifferential geometryHyperbolic geometryKleinian groupsManifoldsTheorems in geometry

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