Teorema de imersão de Higman

Higman's embedding theorem Not to be confused with Universal embedding theorem.

Na teoria do grupo, Higman's embedding theorem states that every finitely generated recursively presented group R can be embedded as a subgroup of some finitely presented group G. This is a result of Graham Higman from the 1960s.[1] Por outro lado, it is an easy theorem that every finitely generated subgroup of a finitely presented group is recursively presented, so the recursively presented finitely generated groups are (até o isomorfismo) exactly the finitely generated subgroups of finitely presented groups.

Since every countable group is a subgroup of a finitely generated group, the theorem can be restated for those groups.

As a corollary, there is a universal finitely presented group that contains all finitely presented groups as subgroups (até o isomorfismo); na verdade, its finitely generated subgroups are exactly the finitely generated recursively presented groups (novamente, até o isomorfismo).

Higman's embedding theorem also implies the Novikov-Boone theorem (originally proved in the 1950s by other methods) about the existence of a finitely presented group with algorithmically undecidable word problem. De fato, it is fairly easy to construct a finitely generated recursively presented group with undecidable word problem. Then any finitely presented group that contains this group as a subgroup will have undecidable word problem as well.

The usual proof of the theorem uses a sequence of HNN extensions starting with R and ending with a group G which can be shown to have a finite presentation.[2] References ^ Graham Higman, Subgroups of finitely presented groups. Proceedings of the Royal Society. Série A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences. volume. 262 (1961), pp. 455-475. ^ Roger C. Lyndon and Paul E. Schupp. Combinatorial Group Theory. Springer-Verlag, Nova york, 2001. "Clássicos da Matemática" series, reprint of the 1977 edition. ISBN 978-3-540-41158-1 Categorias: Infinite group theoryTheorems in group theory