In this diagram, BD:Gleichstrom = AB:AC.

Im Geometrie, das angle bisector theorem is concerned with the relative lengths of the two segments that a Dreieck's side is divided into by a line that bisects the opposite angle. It equates their relative lengths to the relative lengths of the other two sides of the triangle.

Satz[]

Consider a triangle ABC. Lasst den angle bisector Winkel EIN intersect side BC at a point D zwischen B und C. The angle bisector theorem states that the ratio of the length of the line segment BD to the length of segment CD is equal to the ratio of the length of side AB to the length of side AC:

CD|}}={frac {|AB|}{|AC|}},}

und conversely, if a point D on the side BC of triangle ABC divides BC in the same ratio as the sides AB und AC, dann ANZEIGE is the angle bisector of angle ∠ A.

The generalized angle bisector theorem states that if D lies on the line BC, dann

CD|}}={frac {|AB|sin angle DAB}{|AC|sin angle DAC}}.}

This reduces to the previous version if ANZEIGE is the bisector of ∠ BAC. Wann D is external to the segment BC, directed line segments and directed angles must be used in the calculation.

The angle bisector theorem is commonly used when the angle bisectors and side lengths are known. It can be used in a calculation or in a proof.

An immediate consequence of the theorem is that the angle bisector of the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle will also bisect the opposite side.

Beweise[]

Nachweisen 1[]

In the above diagram, use the law of sines on triangles ABD und ACD:

sin angle ADB}{sin angle DAB}}}

(1)

CD|}}={frac {sin angle ADC}{sin angle DAC}}}

(2)

Angles ∠ ADB und ∠ ADC form a linear pair, das ist, they are adjacent supplementary angles.

Since supplementary angles have equal sines,

sin angle ADB}={sin angle ADC}.}

Angles ∠ DAB und ∠ DAC are equal. Deswegen, the right hand sides of equations (1) und (2) are equal, so their left hand sides must also be equal.

CD|}}={frac {|AB|}{|AC|}},}

which is the angle bisector theorem.

If angles ∠ DAB und ∠ DAC are unequal, equations (1) und (2) can be re-written as:

sin angle DAB=sin angle ADB},}

CD|}}sin angle DAC=sin angle ADC}.}

Angles ∠ ADB und ∠ ADC are still supplementary, so the right hand sides of these equations are still equal, so we obtain:

sin angle DAB={frac {|AC|}{|CD|}}sin angle DAC},}

which rearranges to the "generalized" version of the theorem.

Nachweisen 2[]

Lassen D be a point on the line BC, not equal to B oder C und so das ANZEIGE is not an altitude of triangle ABC.

Lassen B₁ be the base (foot) of the altitude in the triangle ABD durch B und lass C₁ be the base of the altitude in the triangle ACD durch C. Dann, wenn D is strictly between B und C, one and only one of B₁ oder C₁ lies inside triangle ABC and it can be assumed ohne Verlust der Allgemeinheit das B₁ does. This case is depicted in the adjacent diagram. Wenn D lies outside of segment BC, then neither B₁ nor C₁ lies inside the triangle.

∠ DB₁B und ∠ DC₁C are right angles, while the angles ∠ B₁DB und ∠ C₁Gleichstrom are congruent if D lies on the segment BC (das ist, zwischen B und C) and they are identical in the other cases being considered, so the triangles DB₁B und Gleichstrom₁C are similar (AAA), was das impliziert:

CD|}}={frac {|BB_{1}|}{|CC_{1}|}}={frac {|AB|sin angle BAD}{|AC|sin angle CAD}}.}

Wenn D is the foot of an altitude, dann,

=sin angle BAD{Text{ und }}{frac {|CD|}{|AC|}}=sin angle DAC,}

and the generalized form follows.

Nachweisen 3[]

displaystyle alpha ={tfrac {angle BAC}{2}}=angle BAD=angle CAD}

A quick proof can be obtained by looking at the ratio of the areas of the two triangles

und

, which are created by the angle bisector in

. Computing those areas twice using different formulas, das ist

with base

and altitude

und

with sides

,

and their enclosed angle

, will yield the desired result.

Lassen

denote the height of the triangles on base

und

be half of the angle in

. Dann

triangle ABD|}{|triangle ACD|}}={frac {{frac {1}{2}}|BD|h}{{frac {1}{2}}|CD|h}}={frac {|BD|}{|CD|}}}

und

triangle ABD|}{|triangle ACD|}}={frac {{frac {1}{2}}|AB||ANZEIGE|Sünde(Alpha )}{{frac {1}{2}}|AC||ANZEIGE|Sünde(Alpha )}}={frac {|AB|}{|AC|}}}

Erträge

CD|}}={frac {|AB|}{|AC|}}.}

Exterior angle bisectors[]

exterior angle bisectors (dotted red):
Points D, E, F are collinear and the following equations for ratios hold:

EB|}{|EC|}}={tfrac {|AB|}{|AC|}}}

,

FB|}{|FA|}}={tfrac {|CB|}{|CA|}}}

,

DA|}{|Gleichstrom|}}={tfrac {|BA|}{|BC|}}}

For the exterior angle bisectors in a non-equilateral triangle there exist similar equations for the ratios of the lengths of triangle sides. More precisely if the exterior angle bisector in

intersects the extended side

in

, the exterior angle bisector in

intersects the extended side

in

and the exterior angle bisector in

intersects the extended side

in

, then the following equations hold:^[1]

EB|}{|EC|}}={frac {|AB|}{|AC|}}}

,

FB|}{|FA|}}={frac {|CB|}{|CA|}}}

,

DA|}{|Gleichstrom|}}={frac {|BA|}{|BC|}}}

The three points of intersection between the exterior angle bisectors and the extended triangle sides

,

und

are collinear, that is they lie on a common line.^[2]

Geschichte[]

The angle bisector theorem appears as Proposition 3 of Book VI in Euclid's Elements. According to Heath (1956, p. 197 (vol. 2)), the corresponding statement for an external angle bisector was given by Robert Simson who noted that Pappus assumed this result without proof. Heath goes on to say that Augustus De Morgan proposed that the two statements should be combined as follows:^[3]

If an angle of a triangle is bisected internally or externally by a straight line which cuts the opposite side or the opposite side produced, the segments of that side will have the same ratio as the other sides of the triangle; und, if a side of a triangle be divided internally or externally so that its segments have the same ratio as the other sides of the triangle, the straight line drawn from the point of section to the angular point which is opposite to the first mentioned side will bisect the interior or exterior angle at that angular point.

Anwendungen[]

This section needs expansion mit: more theorems/results. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020)

This theorem has been used to prove the following theorems/results:

• Coordinates of the incenter of a triangle
• Circles of Apollonius

Verweise[]

Weiterlesen[]

• G.W.I.S Amarasinghe: On the Standard Lengths of Angle Bisectors and the Angle Bisector Theorem, Global Journal of Advanced Research on Classical and Modern Geometries, Vol 01(01), pp. 15 – 27, 2012

Externe Links[]

• A Property of Angle Bisectors bei cut-the-knot
• Intro to angle bisector theorem bei Khan Academy

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